Investigation on influenza surveillance, disease burden among school students in Jinan City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To monitor and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in schools and understand the disease burden of students, and to provide a scientific reference for instructing the prevention of influenza in schools.@*Methods@#A school influenza surveillance sentinel to conduct influenza like case (ILI) surveillance and outbreak surveillance. Through network, we understood the burden of flu disease among students. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze influenza like case surveillance and questionnaire survey data.@*Results@#Surveillance confirmed that from the 42th week of 2019 to the 1st week of 2020, the cumulative reported ILI of 3 school influenza surveillance sites in Jinan accounted for 7.91% (ILI%) of the total number of surveillance personnel during the same period, with the highest ILI% (24.19%) of kindergarten children, ILI% gradually decreased with the increase of grade, and teachers were the lowest. The reporting of ILI was concentrated in the 49th to 52nd week of 2019, during which the reported influenza like cases accounted for 84.81% of the total number of ILI reported during the surveillance period. Two influenza outbreaks were monitored. The pathogens were H3N2 and B (Victoria). The epidemics mainly occurred in the lower grades of elementary school. A survey of 2 297 students found that 577 people had fever and respiratory symptoms since October 2019. Among them, 85.26% of them went to the hospital, 32.75% of those who used anti influenza drugs such as oseltamivir, and 64.81% of those who used antibiotics. 42.63% received infusion therapy, 3.99% were hospitalized, and the average cost of inpatients was 6 686 yuan. The sick students were absent from school for an average of 3.77 days, and the parents of the sick children missed work for an average of 4.26 days.@*Conclusion@#Surveillance of influenza like cases in schools is an important way to proactively discover influenza epidemic trends and outbreaks, and to accurately grasp the characteristics of influenza epidemics in schools. The key populations affected by influenza are kindergarten children and lower grades of primary school students. Suffering from influenza has caused a heavy disease burden on students and children in kindergartens, and is also an important factor that causes student absenteeism and parents to miss work.

Early diagnostic value of urinary NGAL for postoperative acute kidney injury in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To investigate the early diagnostic value of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) for acute kidney injury (AKI) after acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. Methods     From January 2018 to December 2018, the clinical data of 50 patients who underwent open surgery for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection were analyzed in Nanjing First Hospital. Urine specimens were collected before and 2 hours after the aortic dissection surgery. Patients were divided into an AKI group (n=27) and a non-AKI group (n=23) according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of urine NGAL.  Results    The incidence of postoperative AKI was 54.00% (27/50). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in serum creatinine concentration at 2 hours after surgery and urinary NGAL concentration before the surgery (P<0.05). The area under ROC curve of preoperative urinary NGAL concentration was 0.626. When cut-off value was 43 ng/mL, the sensitivity was 40.7%, specificity was 95.7%. The area under ROC curve of urinary NGAL concentration at 2 hours after surgery was 0.655, and when the cut-off value was 46.95 ng/mL, the sensitivity was 63.0%, specificity was 78.3%.  Conclusion     Urine NGAL can predict postoperative AKI in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection, but its value is limited.

Treatment of tibiofibular diastasis without ankle fracture with endobutton device / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical effects of Endobutton device in the treatment of tibiofibular diastasis without ankle fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2009 to January 2011, a total of 8 patients with tibiofibular diastasis without ankle fracture were treated with Endobutton device. There were 6 males and 2 females with an average age of 34 years (ranged, 25 to 44 years). All the patients with ankle injured history and ankle pain, swelling, ecchy-mosis were diagnosed by radiology and then operated with Endobutton device. The clinical effects were evaluated according to Baird-Jackson scoring system and radiological evaluated parameters comprised of tibiofibular overlap,total clear space and medial clear space.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 24 months,with an average of 12 months. Radiographic results were detailed as follows: tibiofibular overlap averaged (3.83 +/- 0.37) mm in preoperative and (7.46 +/- 0.14) mm in postoperative; mean total clear space (7.90 +/- 0.22) mm in preoperative and (3.39 +/- 0.07) mm in postoperative; medial clear space averaged (5.08 +/- 0.34) mm in preoperative and (3.16 +/- 0.07) mm in postoperative. There was significant difference above data between preoperative and postoperative one. The lastest Baird-Jackson score results: 6 cases obtained an excellent result, 1 good and 1 fair. The main score was (94.63 +/- 3.66).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Endobutton device for the treatment of tibiofibular diastasis without ankle fracture has advantages such as simple and minimally invasive, no need of second operation for implant removal, recover the ankle function better and less complications, which should be popularized and applied to clinical widely.</p>

Application of elastic intramedullary nail in treating bilateral femoral shaft fractures in children / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the curative effects and complications of elastic intramedullary nail in treating children's bilateral femoral shaft fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Form February 2005 to March 2008, 7 patients with bilateral femoral shaft fractures were treated by closed reduction and internal fixation with elastic intramedullary nail. There were 5 males and 2 females. The age ranged from 3 to 13 years with the mean of 8.3 years. Six injuries caused by road accident and 1 injury caused by fall from high. Two cases associated with pulmonary contusion, 3 cases brain injuries, 1 case fracture of calcaneus and 1 case bladder injuries. All the cases were closed fractures without nerve and blood vessel injury. A cast external fixation had been used after operation for a month in two cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up for 21-37 months with an average of 30.3 months. No infecton of incisional wound, displacement fracture, internal fixation fail, delayedunion and malunion were found. All fracture obtained healing for 7-12 weeks with an average of 8.7 weeks. Inequality of lower limb was found in 1 case (length differences was 5 mm). According to Flynn scoring,all fractures were excellent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children with elastic intramedullary nail according with biological principle. The method has little trauma, less complication, outstanding effect and it is a good way to treat bilateral femoral shaft fractures result from high-energy injuries.</p>

An investigation on sleeping conditions and factors related to insomnia in the elderly aged 60 years and over in Shanghai community / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To study sleeping conditions and relevant factors for insomnia in the elderly people aged 60 years and over in the community of Shanghai,China.Methods A cross-sectional study on sleeping condition by questionnaire was conducted among 2789 elderly people aged 60 years and over during July to October 2005 in seven neighborhood committees of Jing'an District,Shanghai,China,with cluster sampling.Results Totally,2304 elderly people completed the study questionnaire with a response rate of 82.61%.Prevalence of insomnia was 14.84% (342/2304) in the elderly.Logistic regression analysis showed that age increasing (OR=1.02),female (OR=2.20),drinking before sleeping (OR=2.98), room light (OR=3.89),noise (OR=1.95),diabetes (OR=1.82),hypertension (OR=1.49),stroke (OR=1.65),osteoporosis (OR=1.76) and number of afflicted chronic diseases (OR=1.43) all were risk factors for insomnia in the elderly (P

Effects of Shaoqiduogan on cellular immunity in mice with delayed-type hypersensitivity / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of Shaoqiduogan(SQDG)on cellular immunity in mice with delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH). Methods DTH model induced by 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB)and cyclophosphamide(Cy)suppressed and potentiated DTH model were used. SQDG(30, 60 and 120 mg ? kg-1)were given intragastrically(ig)once daily for 7 consecutive days. Concanavalin A(Con A)-induced T cells proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The activity of IL-2 in culture supernatants of Con A-induced T cells proliferation was measured by testing its ability to support the proliferation of Con A stimulated thymocytes which was detected by MTT assay. Results In mice with DTH, SQDG(120 mg?kg-1)reduced ear swelling, thymus index, Con A-induced T cells proliferation and the activity of IL-2 in culture supernatants of Con A-induced T cells proliferation. The suppression and potentiation of DTH in mice were induced by given an intraperitoneal(ip)injection of Cy at the dose of 150mg?kg-1 on primary sensitization day and 250 mg?kg-1 three days before primary sensitization. SQDG(60 and 120 mg?kg-1)upregulated ear swelling, Con A-induced T cells proliferation and the activity of IL-2 in culture supernatants of T cells from mice with Cy-suppressed DTH; and downregulated levels of the aforementioned indexes in mice with Cy-potentiated DTH. Conclusion SQDG possesses a dual modulatory effect on cellular immunity in mice.